Answer by Dillon Kearns for What's the difference between a mock & stub?

In the codeschool.com course, Rails Testing for Zombies, they give this definition of the terms:

Stub

For replacing a method with code that returns a specified result.

Mock

A stub with an assertion that the method gets called.

So as Sean Copenhaver described in his answer, the difference is that mocks set expectations (i.e. make assertions, about whether or how they get called).